In other words, combining the idea of supersymmetry with string theory yields a better theory, the superstring theory. Without this principle, string theory’s equations lead to physical inconsistencies, such as imaginary energy levels and infinite values. However, its incorporation into string theory allows certain terms in equations to cancel out and make sense. The supersymmetry principle was discovered outside of string theory. String theory predicts that there exists a relationship between these two particles, called supersymmetry, under which a boson must exist for every fermion and vice versa. There are two basic classes of elementary particles in the universe: bosons and fermions. Read: Could Life Form In Two-Dimensional Universe? We currently live in a three spatial dimension but string theory requires six higher dimensions in addition to four common dimensions (3D + time) to make sense. String theory requires us to accept the existence of extra dimension(s) in the universe. There is no direct experimental evidence that it is the correct description of nature.

5 Basic Elements Of String TheoryĪs of now, string theory is just a simple idea. If string theory is correct (it is still not proven), all things in the universe are nothing but a dancing vibrating cosmic symphony of string. So if you take all of these particles back together, the apple is nothing but a bunch of vibration in strings. Therefore, a quark is nothing but a string vibrating in one pattern, and an electron is nothing but a string vibrating in a different pattern. Illustration of a string vibrating in a pattern Each type of vibration corresponds to different particles. Instead, when they vibrate, they produce the particles themselves. The tiny strings in string theory, however, do not produce musical notes. They are similar to the string on a violin: when you pluck the string, it vibrates and creates a little musical note. Now this is where the conventional idea stops and string theory comes in, suggesting that there is something else inside these tiny little particles.Ĭonventional idea says there is nothing inside quarks but string theory says you will find a tiny string-like filament of energy. If you grab one of these particles (let’s say a neutron) and magnify it, you will find yet more tiny particles inside called quarks. The nucleus is itself made of protons and neutrons. But that’s not the end of the story, if you further enlarge them and make them big enough, you will begin to see atoms.Ītoms are not end of the story either because if you zoom further, you can see electrons and nucleus. If you keep on magnifying it, sooner or later you will begin to see molecules. What is the apple made of? Well, to answer that question you need to look deep inside it. Let’s say you picked up an apple from the table. In simple terms, it’s a comprehensive framework that can explain all of physical reality (if proven true). String Theory has now become the most controversial concept in physics that aims to merge the two pillars of 20th-century physics: Einstein’s theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. One of the most promising of these theories is String Theory. While trying to unite all the forces together, theoretical physicists have come up with many different interesting ideas and new theories over the past 6 decades. One of the main goals of physicists is to develop a theory that the can describe all these forces. There are four fundamental forces in nature: gravity, electromagnetism, and the weak and strong nuclear forces.

It is just a mathematical concept, there is no experimental proof of String Theory.Electron is nothing but a string vibrating in one pattern, and a proton is a string vibrating in a different pattern.Each vibrational pattern corresponds to a different particle.String theory says that indivisible subatomic particles are made of tiny little strings vibrating in a specific pattern.

Strings theory unvibrating string